As part of Leeds LitFest 2025, and in the third of three Saturday afternoon talks at Mill Hill Chapel asking ‘What Happened to the Future?’, we welcome writer and critic JJ Charlesworth to discuss ‘sci-fi and the end of the future’.
Frank Herbert’s 1964 sci-fi masterpiece Dune remains a pivotal work in the history of science fiction. Epic and bizarre in its imagining of a future in which humanity has long inhabited the galaxy, yet is sustained by superstition, ancient custom and feudal order, Dune heralded the beginnings of a more quizzical and sceptical idea of the future in Western science fiction. Whereas the science fiction of the earlier twentieth century trumpeted the infinite possibilities of humanity’s future, driven by technology, science fiction since Dune has been more preoccupied with the imminent eclipse of humanity – either at the hands of human-induced climate catastrophe, or else by the uncontrollable rise of artificial intelligence, or biotechnology – themes all anticipated in Dune.
While Dune anticipated some of the cultural pessimism which has come to dominate contemporary sci-fi, it remains fascinating for its ambiguous and subtle reflection on human agency and history-making, projected into a future in which what defines the human is itself under constant threat. In its complex and often contradictory fusion of technology and medievalism, and of heroism and fatalism, Dune‘s imaginative power lies in how it questions the relationship of humanity to the idea of history and progress. While much of today’s science-fiction can barely bring itself to imagine human beings even a few years into the future, this has a lot to do with our culture’s declining sense of human exceptionalism; and as ideas of traditionalism and premodernity emerge in politics as a reaction to an apparently futureless present, how might science-fiction recentre the human?
